|
|
Table of Contents
Characteristics of The AtmosphereSoil-Forming FactorsBasic Soil Science and Soil Fertility
Properties
Profiles
Pedogenic Regimes
Classification
The Structure of Earth
The Composition of Earth
Landforms
Internal ProcessesPlate TectonicsThis Dynamic Earth: the Story of Plate Tectonics and companion map [This Dynamic Planet: A Teaching Companion]
Volcanism
Ancient Supervolcano Spewed Rivers Of Ash and Gas Over 100 Miles
Mount Vesuvius, near Naples, Italy
A large plume of ash and steam rises from the Cotopaxi volcano, as seen from Quito, Ecuador on Thursday, Oct. 8, 2015. The Geophysics Institute said during the first week of October the Cotopaxi has shown an increase in emission of ash and temperature, and a noted glow in the crater. Cotopaxi began showing renewed activity in April and its last major eruption was in 1877.
Folding
Faulting
Weathering and Wasting
Weathering: Changes that occur in sediments an d rocks when exposed at the earth’s surface – Changes are physical and chemical – Atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere all contribute
Weathering and Wasting
Movement of small rock fragments pried loose by gravitational stress and/or freeze-thaw processes. We call these types of mass wasting rock falls.
Joints are important in weathering because they allow for more surface area on which chemical and physical weathering can occur. A prime example of joints is the columnar basalt at Sheepeater Cliff in Yellowstone.
In the evolution of most landforms, mass wasting is the step that follows weathering. The combined effects of mass wasting and erosion by running water produce stream valleys. Gravity is the controlling force of mass wasting. Other factors that influence or trigger down slope movements are saturation of the material with water, oversteepening of slopes beyond the angle of repose, removal of anchoring vegetation, and ground vibrations from earthquakes. The various processes included under the name of mass wasting are classified and described on the basis of (1) the type of material involved (debris, mud, earth, or rock), (2) the kind of motion (fall, slide, or flow), and (3) the rate of movement (fast, slow). The various kinds of mass wasting include the more rapid forms called slump, rockslide, debris flow, and earthflow,
as well as the slow
movements referred to as creep and solifluction. Geologylink - Virtual Field Trips - Cengage Links SQL: Earth Science/Geology/Miscellaneous/Virtual Field Trips R.L. Hanna's LifeTime Field List American Southwest Images, QTVR (Quicktime) Panoramic Views and links National Park Service: Park Landforms Basin and Range: National Parks Listing Big Bend National Park (Texas) Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah Capitol Reef National Park, Utah
Mass Movement
http://www.slideserve.com/Olivia/mass-wasting
ErosionSinkholes are pits in the ground that form in areas where water gathers without external drainage, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. As water drains below ground, it can dissolve subterranean caverns, particularly in areas where the bedrock is made of water-soluble evaporate rocks such as salt or gypsum or of carbonate rocks such as limestone or dolomite. "Blue holes" are water-filled sinkholes in caves or in the ocean. http://www.livescience.com/44123-what-are-sinkholes.html
what remain of
quartzite-sandstone mountains after millions of years of water erosion
Karst Processeshttp://www4.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/lemke/geomorphology/lectures/07_karst.html
Fluvial Processes
Desert Processes
Glacial Processes
Coastal Processes
|
|
|
